A great place to start learning is here: https://support.google.com/adwords/#topic=3119071
Google AdWords has put a lot of resources in place to help out a new advertiser and 100% of it is useful and relevant. They don’t waste your time with a lot of self-promotion or useless information. It is by far the best source of material for learning the fundamentals of PPC advertising.
Read it, watch the videos, study it, read it again and again, you will pick up something new nearly every time you read it. As your knowledge grows you will begin to understand and appreciate the subtle, but extremely helpful, tips embedded in their material.